Word Formation

For questions 1- 8, read the text below. Use the word given in capitals at the end of some of the lines to form a word that fits in the gap in the same line. EXAM DESCRIPTION

The History of Paper

The history of paper is also the history of human culture and (1) ... . The Egyptians, Greeks and Romans wrote on "papyrus", a paper-like material. Today's kind of paper was first developed and used in China. Paper was the most important (2) ... of information in the past. It was only with the increasing production of paper that the transfer of (3) ..., education, and information to a larger portion of (4) ... became possible.

With paper, emperors were able to administrate large empires more easily. In former times, paper was a (5) ... product, and paper-making was an art often kept secret because of the outstanding (6) ... of the product. Today, paper has evolved from a rare material to a commodity product, with a high practical value in communication, as well as in (7) ..., artistic, hygienic, sanitary, and technical applications. Nobody can imagine a world without paper. A large variety of paper grades is produced to suit the special (8) ... of each application.

1) CIVILISE

2) CARRY

3) KNOW

4) SOCIAL

5) VALUE

6) ADVANCE

7) EDUCATE

8) REQUIRE

Test Answers!

GAP 1 (CIVILISATION) ... culture and civilisation. The Egyptians, Greeks and Romans wrote on "papyrus" ... ↑_ _ _ _
CIVILISE => CIVILISATION | VERB => NOUN
ATION => SUFFIX (IN NOUNS) the action or process of doing something. (FASCINATION/PROVOCATION/DECORATION)
Root Words
1). Eastern civilisation is part of the world heritage. CIVILIS + ATION => NOUN
2). Twenty one civilians were killed during the air-raid. CIVIL + IANS => NOUN
3). The Romans tried to civilise the ancient Britons. CIVIL + ISE => VERB

GAP 2 (CARRIER) ... most important carrier of information in the past. It was only with increasing paper ... ↑_ _ _ _
CARRY => CARRIER | VERB => NOUN
ER => SUFFIX (IN NOUNS) a person or thing that. (COMPUTER/THREE-WHEELER/SHARPENER)
Root Words
1). He had to pay 20 pounds for the carriage of the books. CARRI + AGE => NOUN
2). Ryanair is the largest Irish carrier. CARRI + ER => NOUN
3). Sandra miscarried each time she got pregnant. MIS + CARRI + ED => VERB

GAP 3 (KNOWLEDGE) ... the transfer of knowledge education and information to a larger portion ... ↑_ _ _ _
KNOW => KNOWLEDGE | VERB => NOUN
KNOW + LEDGE => the information, understanding and skills that you gain through education or experience.
Root Words
1). She had a vast amount of knowledge about photography. KNOW + LEDGE => NOUN
2). I would never knowingly upset you. KNOWING + LY => ADVERB
3). George is very knowledgeable about the history of England. KNOWLEDGE + ABLE => ADJECTIVE

GAP 4 (SOCIETY) ... portion of society became possible. With paper, emperors were able to administrate ... ↑_ _ _ _
SOCIAL => SOCIETY | ADJECTIVE => NOUN
TY => SUFFIX (IN NOUNS) denoting quality or condition. (BEAUTY/UNITY/ETERNITY)
Root Words
1). He's a cheerful, sociable man. SOCIA + BLE => ADJECTIVE
2). Bad drivers are a danger to society. SOCIE + TY => NOUN
3). Pete was in a rather unsociable mood yesterday. UN + SOCIABLE => ADJECTIVE

GAP 5 (VALUABLE) ... paper was a valuable product, and paper-making was an art often kept ... ↑_ _ _ _
VALUE => VALUABLE | NOUN => ADJECTIVE
ABLE => SUFFIX (IN ADJECTIVES) having the quality of. (KNOWLEGEABLE/SUITABLE/COMFORTABLE)
Root Words
1). The painting is completely valueless. VALUE + LESS => ADJECTIVE
2). Luckily, nothing valuable was stolen. VALU + ABLE => ADJECTIVE
3). Thank you for you invaluable help. IN + VALUABLE => ADJECTIVE

GAP 6 (ADVANTAGES) ... the outstanding advantages of the product. Today paper has evolved from a rare ... ↑_ _ _ _
ADVANCE => ADVANTAGE(S) | VERB => NOUN
AGE => SUFFIX (IN NOUNS) state, status, or condition of. (BREAKAGE/COVERAGE/BONDAGE)
Root Words
1). There are several disadvantages to this plan. DIS + ADVANTAGE(S) => NOUN
2). She took the advantage of the good weather to go to the beach. ADVANT + AGE => NOUN
3). Claire is now in a more advantageous position. ADVANTAGE + OUS => ADJECTIVE

GAP 7 (EDUCATIONAL) ... as well as in educational artistic, hygienic, sanitary, and technical ... ↑_ _ _ _
EDUCATE => EDUCATIONAL | NOUN => ADJECTIVE
AL => SUFFIX (IN ADJECTIVESS) of, relating to, or characterized by. (FICTIONAL/OPERATIONAL/MAGICAL)
Root Words
1). John received a good education. EDUCAT + ION => NOUN
2). Even though she was uneducated, she became the president of the company. UN + EDUCATE + D => ADJECTIVE
3). Playing computer games can be very educational. EDUCATION + AL => ADJECIVE

GAP 8 (REQUIREMENTS) ... suit the special requirements of each application. Graphic paper grades, packaging papers ... ↑_ _ _ _
REQUIRE => REQUIREMENT(S) | VERB => NOUN
MENT => SUFFIX (IN NOUNS) the action or result of. (DEVELOPMENT/IMPROVEMENT/AMAZEMENT)
Root Words
1). Our company will be able to supply all your requirements. REQUIRE + MENT(S) => NOUN
2). Frank lacks the requisite qualifications. REQU + ISITE => ADJECTIVE
3). Is there anything you require? REQUIRE => VERB